Sudanese will avoid the topic, particularly if there are language difficulties. Same-sex practitioners are preferred (particularly by the Muslim women) in general, but are imperative for gynaecological examinations for all women.

11.Female Genital Cutting (FGC) is common in Sudan. Literature reports that Type III (infibulation) is practiced more in the South. However, local resettled Christian Sudanese report that this practice does not exist amongst the Christian community. Respectful handling of the issue is crucial with assistance and or education as needed. For those who have undergone the procedure, it is part of the culture and is accepted as such by many women.

12.Although fathers hold authority in the family, mothers usually have more information about children’s health and can provide information on this.

13.It is appropriate to inform patients of terminal illness although the family elder should usually be approached first.

14.Teeth filing is part of male puberty rites for some tribes, especially Dinka. As many as 6 front teeth may be missing. After resettlement some men will request cosmetic dental care so as not to stand out in the new culture.

15. The Beja in particular are customarily reliant on their families and clan and it will take considerable time to establish trust and rapport.

16. When doing HOME VISITS:

    • Give a clear introduction of nature of service, of roles and purpose of visit

    • It is usually appropriate to remove shoes before entering the home

    • It is customary to address the male adult of the household first

    • Food or drink will usually be offered. It is acceptable to decline politely,

      although accepting would be appreciated as offering food is a gift of

      hospitality

    • Modest dress is appropriate, particularly in Muslim homes during Ramadan

    • Be aware that no food or drink is consumed during sunrise to sunset during

      Ramadan